Guidelines for contributors
Introduction
Music Australia is a web-based music service that provides integrated access to Australian music resources and information for all Australians and other interested users.
Music Australia is a collaboration between the National Library of Australia, the National Film and Sound Archive , and other national cultural institutions and the wider Australian music community.
Music Australia users can expect to:
- identify and locate music resources in all formats, styles, genres and time periods held across a range of collecting institutions;
- access Australian digitised music in multiple formats; and
- identify and locate information about people, organisations and some related services.
Music Australia welcomes new contributors, particularly of digital content. We hope these Guidelines help you to understand how Music Australia works, and what you need to do if you wish to contribute.
Please note that Music Australia cannot currently accept contributions from individuals, and can only accept information from organisations which manage their information in databases, can exchange data with other services, and have the technical capacity to make their records available for harvesting in specified formats.
Please contact Music Australia administration to discuss contribution, ask questions, or provide comments:
National Library of Australia
CANBERRA
ACT
2600
Australia
+61 2 6262 1536
+61 2 6273 1180
Benefits
For your local audience
Your local users benefit from using Music Australia by discovering a wider range of resources and people information than your local service can provide. The ability to search simultaneously across a range of Australian music collections means that users retrieve more comprehensive results sets, resulting in a higher level of satisfaction, and encouraging continued use of the service.
Music Australia provides search options for both resource and party (people and organisations) content. Users may be able to get items found in the service via:
- "contributors" digital delivery systems
- navigation from results to the Australian Libraries Gateway for information about contributors, and to the Inter Library Resource Sharing Directory for information on lending policies.
- document delivery through services such as the National Library of Australia's Copies Direct
- other suppliers
To assist users who may not know where to start, or who may prefer a 'curated' view of music highlights, Music Australia includes selected Themes that showcase a cross-section of content around topics and across formats. New themes will be developed as resources permit.
For your organisation
The benefits to your organisation of contributing to Music Australia are both strategic and operational and include:
- national awareness of and access to your own collections of music resources and related items and services
- the opportunity to work with other organisations without losing the individuality of your own collection
- increased potential to attract additional funding due to the ongoing promotion of the collaborative nature of the service
- the opportunity to help shape and share the future directions of Music Australia and your own services in response to user feedback
- opportunities to gain access to new user communities
- information-sharing between contributors with regard to metadata and standards, and
- valuable connections made by the Music Australia team with international online music services.
How it works
Music Australia provides access to Australian music and related resources, and to information about people and organisations associated with Australian music. This includes music resources with an Australian connection: Australian composers, lyricists, performers or publishers. Resources include printed and manuscript music, published and unpublished sound recordings, images and moving image, websites, multimedia, archival collections and books, theses and journals relating to Australian music.
The Music Australia resource database is populated by metadata records extracted from the Australian National Bibliographic Database (ANBD), available for searching through the Libraries Australia search service. Resources may be:
- music materials or items about Australian music
- online (free, free with permission, or licenced) or in physical format
- held or described by any organisation contributing records to the ANBD.
The Music Australia party (people and organisations) database is populated with metadata records from multiple sources, including the National Authority File. The National Library of Australia creates a limited number of in-depth records about people and organisations well represented in its collections.
The following diagram illustrates the record contribution architecture.

When records are added to the Music Australia party database, system processes:
- check name headings in the resource database against name headings in the party database
- identify and display those records originating from the National Authority File which are "in scope" for Music Australia
A later manual process identifies relationships and clusters multiple records about the same person or organisation. While contribution of records to the party database is not currently an online process, Music Australia welcomes contributions of party metadata.
The Music Australia databases and user interfaces deploy the Teratext software platform.
Contributing records
All resource records in Music Australia are sourced from the Australian National Bibliographic Database. MARC 21 Biliographic , maintained by the Library of Congress, is the metadata format used by most Australian libraries. However, as key sections of the music collecting community use metadata formats other than MARC, metadata originating in other formats can be contributed to the ANBD for inclusion in Music Australia. The National Library's Guidelines on contributing metadata records to the National LIbrary of Australia for resource discovery describe various contribution methods, including the Library's Harvester, which is also used to collect records about people and organisations for Music Australia.
As inclusion of non-MARC records can be more resource intensive, priority will be given to:
- content managed by traditional collecting organisations
- content managed by "temporary" collecting organisations
- content managed by commercial suppliers.
Preference will be given to organisations that:
- require little assistance to develop conversion specifications and stylesheets; and
- can contribute their resource records in the National Library's preferred metadata formats.
Contributors records can be provided for inclusion in Music Australia through various transfer protocols (FTP and HTTP) and for harvesting via OAI. Individual assistance with the development of specifications and stylesheets may be provided, if resources permit.
Statistics
Music Australia usage will be measured by:
- reports summarising the search terms sent to the service, sorted alphabetically by search terms or numerically by frequency of requests
- reports summarising the number of page views deliverd from the service
Ordering from your collections
Most of the resource records in Music Australia are linked to a 'Borrow this item' or 'Buy this item' page. Users can navigate to online content (and from there to each contributor's ordering options) or to information about contributors and their lending policies, or to online document delivery services and possible suppliers.
Due to the number of Music Australia contributors, there is no central page within the site providing information on how to order from particular contributors.
More
Papers on Music Australia's development and how the service works are available for interested readers. Please contact us if you would like to know more about Music Australia's development.
Digitisation
Printed Music and Images
Digitisation standards
The National Library's Guidelines for Digitisation of Traditional Format Library Materials are available at:
http://www.nla.gov.au/digital/standards.html
These Guidelines include information on image creation standards, web derivative creation and persistent identification of resources delivered on the internet.
The Music Australia team recommends use of these standards.
Each page of a piece of sheet music should have its own image file. Four versions of each image are recommended:
- Thumbnail: to be viewed in Themes and record display.
- View copy: for the user to read the original after downloading it quickly.
- Examination copy: a larger version of the view copy, which will fill the entire screen on its longest dimension.
- Print copy: for the user to print a copy of each page on A4 paper, generally a PDF file.
Delivery Systems
Printed music images will be stored on the contributing organisation's server and in most cases will be discoverable through a range of services, including the organisation's catalogue, Libraries Australia and Music Australia. If the item is discovered through the Music Australia interface, the user views the music object from the contributing organisation's server.
The contributing organisation must therefore have adequate object storage, identification and delivery infrastructure in place before metadata describing and providing access to the objects is included in the Music Australia service.
As most printed music items are multi-page, each contributing organisation needs to develop a delivery system capable of delivering images and metadata, with support for navigation between different versions of each image (eg. moving from view to examination copies), navigation backwards and forwards between images (i.e. paging through a multi-page piece of printed music), and/or navigation to concatenated print copies.
In addition to supporting navigation, each contributing organisation should provide the following information and services from its delivery web site:
- Copyright statement
- Digital rights management infrastructure sufficient to block access to items which are included and discovered through the Music Australia service but are unavailable for copyright or other reasons.
- Ordering capability for copies. This may be an online ordering system, or can be as simple as providing contact information on your website.
- Navigation to the contributing organisation's own digital library interface or catalogue
Information on management of the National Library's Digital Collections, and examples of digitised printed music and other formats delivered through the system, is at:
http://www.nla.gov.au/digicoll/infrastructure.html
Please note that while the Library can provide some basic guidance on the development of delivery systems, it is unable to provide software solutions or assist in software development.
Sound
Digitisation Standards
Sound digitisation and preservation is a complex and highly specialised activity. The Music Australia team advises contributors considering digitising their sound archives to purchase the International Association of Sound Archives' 2004 publication Guidelines on the production and preservation of digital sound objects. The book can be ordered from IASA.
Delivering Sound on the Web
High quality uncompressed sound files suitable for long term preservation are generally much too large to deliver effectively via the web. CD quality sound (16 bit 44.1kHz), for example, requires approximately 10Meg for every minute of sound delivered, with higher quality preservation files requiring even more bandwidth and memory.
To overcome this problem, a number of sound formats for compressing and delivering smaller derivative files over the web are now available. These file formats include QuickTime (.mov, .qtl), Real Media (.rm), Windows Media (.asf, .wma, .avi), Ogg Vorbis (.ogg), MPEG (including .mp3) and MPEG-4 AAC (.mp4) together with less popular formats. All of these formats are aimed at reducing file size for online delivery across networks, either by use of compression algorithms, or streaming technologies, or a combination of compression and streaming.
Compression
Compressed files are used to distribute small files quickly across a network. Compressed sound files are described in terms of a bit rate, that is, the amount of data transmitted in relation to time, e.g. 128kbps (kilobits per second) transmits data at 128,000 bits per second. A standard 56k modem theoretically communicates at 56,000 bits per second.
Reduction in file size is achieved by use of a codec. Codecs (coder/decoder) are used to compress an sound file during the encoding process: the files are then decompressed when the user listens back to them. Different sound formats utilise different types of codecs. All compressed files are of a lower sound quality than uncompressed files, so some codecs are designed for optimising a particular sound quality, such as spoken voice, instrumental recordings, a combination of voice and instruments etc.
One of the most popular standards developed by the Moving Picture Expert Group is MPEG-1 Layer 3 or MP3. This standard has been built from other MPEG standards which includes MPEG-1 and MPEG-1 Layer 2. MPEG-1 produces a compression ration of 2:1 or 3:1, reducing uncompressed sound files to about one-quarter to one-third the bit rate. MPEG-1 Layer 2 can reduce uncompressed sound files to about one-quarter to one-third the bit rate with less deterioration in quality. MPEG-1 Layer 3 or MP3 can reduce a file from one-quarter down to one-twelfth of the original size. The more recent MPEG-4 AAC standard produces even smaller file sizes than MP3, whilst achieving a much higher sound quality. Real Networks, responsible for Real Sound and Real Media formats, have built superior codecs for the low bitrate end of the spectrum.
In the National Library's own sound testing environment, the RealMedia codec (both for voice and instrumental recordings) provided positive results for very low bitrates. The QuickTime MPEG-4 AAC codec provided very positive results at a bitrate of 128kbps.
The National Library's tests with the RealMedia (Helix 9) music codec produced the following results:
- 16kbps audience: approx 120 times file size reduction
- 128kbps audience: approx 14 times file size reduction
- 256kbps audience: approx 7 times file size reduction
The National Library's tests with the QuickTime MPEG-4 AAC codec produced the following results:
- 16kbps: approx 70 times file size reduction
- 24kbps: approx 47 times file size reduction
- 128kbps: approx 10 times file size reduction
- 256kbps: approx 5 times file size reduction
The sound quality resulting from the QuickTime MPEG-4 AAC codec at 16kbps was of low quality: the National Library has therefore adopted 24kbps as its low end QuickTime file compression.
Streaming and downloading
Sound files can be delivered to a user's computer by one of two methods. The first uses HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol), the protocol via which most WebPages are delivered. This method actually downloads the file (whether it is an HTML webpage or a sound file) caches it on the user's computer. The file must be completely downloaded before it starts playing on the user's computer, which can mean significant waiting time.
Streaming uses software to encode and decoded content, and to monitor delivery so that a continuous stream of real-time playback is achieved, even if the quality varies. Streamed files use the RTSP (Real Time Streaming Protocol) to deliver files across the Internet. When a sound file is streamed, it sets up a "buffer" to which the first part of the recording is loaded. The user listens to the music that is in the buffer, while the next part of the recording is loaded into the buffer. The user does not have to wait until the whole sound file is downloaded before it starts playing: they only wait until the buffer is filled, which should take only a few seconds, even on slower modems. In addition to this benefit for users, streamed files are not downloaded to the user's computer, resulting in a more secure delivery method for sound recordings.
Delivering files via HTTP can be achieved directly from a WebServer that serves out HTML pages. Delivery via RTSP requires contributors to install streaming server software. Streaming server software ranges from free of charge to many thousands of dollars.
Things to consider
Contributors should be aware that when sound files are encoded to a specific format, users require specific Players or Plug-ins that can handle playback of that format. Many sound Players can play back MP3 files. However, streamed and other file formats generally require a particular sound Player. Contributors may wish to consider delivering sound in more than one format to give users sound options. The Music Australia team suggests that your sound delivery system should provide specific help documentation to assist users with any technical issues they may encounter.
Contributors should also be aware that - with the exception MPEG standards - online sound delivery formats and methods are proprietary, and that not all sound players work across all web browsers. The National Library has chosen to provide two streaming formats, RealMedia and QuickTime (MPEG-4 AAC) to provide long term security for its sound streaming business. As there are ongoing developments in the delivery of sound and multimedia via the web, the methods and formats chosen today may not be a 'final' solution. Future developments may prompt contributors to re-encode sound files from preservation copies if online delivery options improve.
Contributors may also need to consider whether they wish to deliver streamed video content. The QuickTime, RealMedia and Windows Media formats are suitable for this purpose and video content can be delivered by the same streaming server software used for sound.
Recommendations
The National Library of Australia and the National Film and Sound Archive recommend that contributors undertake their own sound compression and delivery tests when which format and bitrates suit local business needs. However, the following recommendations should meet most needs.
| Purpose | Connection Type | Specifications | File Type | Comments |
| High quality online derivative " for local users | LAN connection | 512kbps, 256kbps | Streaming: QuickTime, Realsound, Windows Media. Downloading: MPEG-4, MP3 | Store in optimum conditions for digital data e.g. server |
| Mid-range quality online derivative for external users | Broadband connection | 128kbps | Streaming: QuickTime, Realsound, Windows Media. Downloading: MPEG-4, MP3 | Store in optimum conditions for digital data e.g. server |
| Low quality online derivative for external users | Modem connection | 16kbps, 24kbps, 32kbps | Streaming: QuickTime, RealAudio, Windows Media. Downloading: MPEG-4, MP3 | Store in optimum conditions for digital data e.g. server |
Persistent identification
Each digital object represented in the Music Australia resource database must be associated with a unique identifier which is managed for persistence, so that the item can be cited and referenced online with confidence.
Please see the National Library's documents on persistent identification, available from:
http://www.nla.gov.au/digital/standards.html
The National Library's approach to persistent identification is to name its files according to a defined taxonomy and to resolve these URLs to server location using a resolver service:
For example, the taxonomy for printed music items is:
Collection type
Amicus number
Consecutive image number
Image type identification
as can be seen in the following example, where the URL providing access to the electronic version of a printed music item is: http://nla.gov.au/nla.mus-an4784490
This URL is the link from the catalogue record to the item delivered by the Library's Digital Delivery system. Each image derivative of each page of the item has a unique URL:
http://nla.gov.au/nla.mus-an4784490-s1-t, where nla.mus-an4784490 is the URL of the entire item, s1 represents the first page and t denotes the thumbnail image
http://nla.gov.au/nla.mus-an4784490-s2-v, where nla.mus-an4784490 is the URL of the entire item, s2 represents the second page and v denotes the view image
http://nla.gov.au/nla.mus-an4784490-s3-e, where nla.mus-an4784490 is the URL of the entire item, s3 represents the third page and e denotes the examination image
http://nla.gov.au/nla.mus-an4784490-p, where nla.mus-an4784490 is the URL of the entire item, and p denotes the concatenated PDF copy
Metadata
Resources
Resource metadata is a summary of information about the form and content of a resource. It may describe such things as a composer of a work, the date of a recording or similar details that help custodians to describe, and users to find, the resource. Metadata is created to make searching easier and to improve search results. Examples include the catalogue records used by libraries, museums and galleries, or a database of descriptions about commercially available music works.
The Australian National Bibliographic Database (ANBD) is the source for the Music Australia resource database. The Music Australia resource databse is populated with MARC records describing resources such as scores, sound recordings, websites, books, theses, pictures, archival collections, films, multimedia items, kits and three dimensional objects. Most Music Australia contributors already contribute MARC records to Libraries Australia and do not need to implement new business processes to expose their collections through the service.
For contributors who do not use MARC in their own systems, their local data must be converted into a schema that can be processed for inclusion in the ANBD. The recommended metadata schema for Music Australia contributors who do not use MARC is the Metadata Object Description Schema (MODS). This schema, developed and supported by the Library of Congress, provides flexibility for the description of a range of resources including those consisting of multiple parts. MODS has been adopted for a range of digital library projects, supports inclusion of rich data, and can be readily transformed into MARC using Library of Congress supplied stylesheets.
Music Australia can accept records in other schemas such as Dublin Core or in local record formats, but as resources for mapping and converting data are limited, preference will be given to contributors who can present their records in MARC or MODS.
While Music Australia does not use Dublin Core, contributors who provide access to their data via an OAI repository should also make their data available in Dublin Core, to meet OAI community requirements. We recommend the use of the Dublin Core Libraries Application Profile for maximum data utility.
MARC Contributors
Organisations contributing MARC records to Libraries Australia for notated music and music related items should continue to follow Libraries Australia standards. The Libraries Australia minimum record standard is available at:
http://www.nla.gov.au/librariesaustralia/network.html#minimum
If you are contributing records about digitised music, a separate additional catalogue record can be created for the digitised print music, or the details of the digitised copy can be added to the record for the print music. See Libraries Australia's Guidelines for the cataloguing of electronic resources for guidance on the advantages and disadvantages of each approach.
Selection for Music Australia
Selection for Music Australia requires:
- an Australian content indicator: MARC 042$aanuc, OR
- an Australian place of publication code: MARC 008/15-17, OR
- an Australian geographic area code: MARC 043$au-at---
and either
- Leader 06="c" (notated music), "d" (manuscript music) or "j" (musical sound recording) OR
- At least one Library of Congress Subject Heading (LCSH) music related heading.
The inclusion of these indicators and fields will assist us to identify and extract Australian music and related records from Libraries Australia.
Desirable additions above the minimum record level
Records conforming to AACR level 2 will provide a range of access points through both the Libraries Australia and Music Australia services.
Music Australia strongly suggests that you also include:
- Added title and name/title entries for contents, rather than contents data in the 505 field alone. Inclusion of appropriate 7XX $a, $e and $t data fields and subfields will assist in straightforward results retrieval, and assist users to navigate between related music items which are contained within publications, e.g. a song printed in a music album and a performance of a song on a sound recording compilation. It will be difficult to support this functionality with 505 contents notes alone. Including these entities will help users to identify and navigate between related music items.
- Uniform titles and uniform name/title entries. Including these entities will help users to identify and navigate between related music items.
Please contact the National Library if you wish to discuss printed music cataloguing issues and practice.
MODS Contributors
MODS 3.0 records contributed to Music Australia are converted to MARC 21 and loaded to the Australian National Bibliographic Database (ANBD) before being extracted to the Music Australia resource database.
MODS records must therefore meet the ANBD minimum level record standard, and the Music Australia selection criteria. This guide provides information on mandatory, required if available/applicable and highly desirable fields.
Required Fields
The following elements, sub-elements, attributes and values must be included in every record.
Title
<titleInfo><title>
<nonSort> [Title of Resource]
</titleInfo>
One title must be included. Title must be inside the <titleInfo> wrapper element. If the title starts with a definite or indefinite article (the, an, etc.), it is desirable to include these characters, and the space following in a <nonSort> sub-element.
Resource Type
<typeOfResource with value = [value from enumeration list]> </typeOfResource>
Permitted values include:
- notated music
- manuscript music
- sound recording-musical
- text
- still image
- moving image
- multimedia
- mixed material
- three dimensional object
One instance must be included.
Date
<originInfo>
<dateIssued encoding="marc">YYYY<dateIssued>AND, if desired
<dateIssued encoding="iso8601">YYYYMMDD</dateIssued>AND/OR
<dateCreated="iso8601">YYYYMMDD</dateCreated> AND/OR
<dateCaptured="iso8601">YYYYMMDD</dateCaptured> AND/OR
<dateValid="iso8601">YYYYMMDD</dateValid> AND/OR
<dateModified="iso8601">YYYYMMDD</dateModified> AND/OR
<copyrightDate="iso8601">YYYYMMDD</copyrightDate> AND/OR
<dateOther="iso8601">YYYYMMDD</dateOther>
</originInfo>
For date ranges:
<originInfo>
<dateIssued>1967-1987</dateIssued>
<dateIssued point="start" encoding="iso8601">19680000</dateIssued>
<dateIssued point="end" encoding="iso8601">19870000</dateIssued>
</originInfo>
For uncertain dates (use appropriate sub-element):
<originInfo>
<dateIssued>c. 1967</dateIssued>OR
<dateIssued qualifier="questionable">1967</dateIssued>
</originInfo>
One or more date sub-elements must be included. Dates must be inside the <originInfo> wrapper element.
Please note that we required one instance of <dateIssued encoding="marc">YYYY;/dateIssued> as this populates a key date sorting field in MARC records. MARC records include encoded dates used for sorting and retrieval, and non-encoded dates visible to the user. Please note that although MODS supports qualifiers such as "inferred", "questionable" or "approximate", the only qualifier which can be successfully converted to a textual data field in MARC records is "questionable". For this reason, you may prefer to use textual equivalents of the qualifiers in your non-encoded data fields, e.g."c", "?", "approx". We can use a single encoded date statement to populate coded and textual date fields.
Use <dateIssued> for published printed music, or music released by a record company.
Use <dateCreated> for unpublished printed music or sound recordings.
Use <dateCaptured> for recording dates.
Encoded dates must conform to ISO8601 (but with no dashes in the string). Fill MMDD with zeroes if your system does not record this information.
Issuance
<originInfo>
<issuance>monographic</issuance>
</originInfo>
Issuance must be inside the <originInfo> wrapper element. The value "monographic" is used solely to distinguish "single" publications from serial or journal publications. Use "continuing" for ongoing publications such as journals. These fields will not be displayed to the public, but are required for NBD management processes.
Australian Content Indicator
<subject>
<geographicCode="marcgac">u-at---</geographicCode>
</subject>
Note:
The Australian content code (geographicCode) u-at--- must be inside the <subject> wrapper element. This data is used to indicate that the item has Australian content and is especially important to ensure that items of Australian music or about Australian music published overseas are selected and represented in Music Australia. It is also useful for items published in Australia so we ask that you include this information even if you have used the Australian place code at for the place of publication in <originInfo>.
Music Subject Heading
Selection for Music Australia requires:
- Australian content indicator
and either:
- Resource type notated music, manuscript music, or sound recording-musical, OR
- At least one LCSH (Library of Congress Subject Heading) music related heading. The heading may contain the term for a musical genre, instrument or person. This will enable us to identify and extract music related records from the Australian National Bibliographic Database. If you cannot map your own subject/genre terms to LCSH, please include the boilerplate:
<subject authority="LCSH">
<topic>Music Australia</topic>
</subject>
in each record.
Holding or Managing Organisation
<location>
<physicalLocation>[Your NUC code]</physicalLocation>
<location>
Notes:
One instance only. If you do not have a NUC (National Union Catalogue) code, please contact the Music Australia administrator. This code will be used to display the name of the organisation contributing the record and will be linked to further information about your organisation, including ordering and inter-library loan services.
URL for online items only
<identifier type="uri">[http://yourdeliverysystem.html]></identifier>
OR
<identifier type="uri" displayLabel="[Text identifying an individual constituent part and/or delivery version associated with the resource]">http://yourdeliverysystem.html</identifier>
AND/OR
<location>
<url>[http://yourdeliverysystem.html]></url>
</location>
OR
<location>
<url displayLabel="[Text identifying an individual constituent part and/or delivery version associated with the resource]">[http://yourdeliverysystem.html]></url>
</location>
Notes:
The electronic location of your resource must be inside either the <location> or <identifier> wrapper elements.
MODS 3.0 supports inclusion of this data in either field. On conversion to MARC, this data will be mapped once only.
If you wish to reference individual delivery versions of your online resource, please use the displayLabel attribute to clearly identify your versions, i.e. Thumbnail, View, Examination; Realsound High Bandwidth, Realsound Low Bandwidth; Quicktime; Windows Media Player etc.
See notes below on referencing electronic locations of individual contents.
Administrative Information
<recordInfo>
<recordContentSource>[Your NUC code]
<recordCreationDate with encoding ="iso8601">[YYYY]
</recordCreationDate>
<recordChangeDate with encoding="iso8601">[YYYYMMDDHHMM.S]
</recordChangeDate>
<recordIdentifier>[Your system number]
</recordIdentifier>
<languageOfCataloguing authority="iso639-2b">eng
</languageOfCataloguing>
</recordInfo>
Notes:
Data for each sub-element of the <recordInfo> wrapper element must be supplied as specified. Dates must conform to ISO8601 (but with no dashes in the string). Fill MMDD and DDHH.S with zeroes if your system does not record this information. Replace English code "eng" with appropriate ISO639-2b code if your record (not the item itself) is in a language other than English
Required if available or applicable
The following elements, sub-elements, attributes and values should be included if the relevant information is available:
Name
Encoded:
<name>
<namePart>[Surname, Firstname]</namePart>
</name>
Notes:
Name must be expressed as <namePart> inside the <name> wrapper element.
AND/OR Statement of responsibility
<note with type="statement of responsibility">[Text]</note>
Note:
Use a statement of responsibility note to record information about the people or organisations responsible for the item as recorded on the item itself, e.g. "Words and music by Jack Lumsdaine", "Arranged by Percy Grainger", "Words by Jack Lumsdaine; music by Jack O"Hagan".
Name types
<name type="personal">
<namePart>Surname, Given</namePart>
</name>
Note:
Permitted name type values are:
- personal
- corporate
- conference
Publisher/Label
<originInfo>
<publisher>[Name of publisher]</publisher>
</originInfo>
Note:
Publisher or record label name must be inside the <originInfo> sub-element.
Copyright date
<originInfo>
<copyrightDate encoding ="iso8601">YYYYMMDD</copyrightDate>
</originInfo>
Note:
Include copyright date if this information is known, and is different from publication, release or other specified dates.
Place of publication or release
<originInfo>
<place>
<placeTerm type="text">AND/OR
<placeTerm type="code">
</placeTerm>
</place>
</originInfo>
Notes:
Place of publication must be inside the <originInfo><place> sub-element. Text only data is acceptable. If coded data is included, please use the MARC country codes, available at: http://www.loc.gov/marc/countries/cou_pt2codes.htmlcountry code
OR the Australian place codes available at:
http://www.nla.gov.au/kinetica/marccodes.html
The MARC code for Australia is at. Addition of this code is highly desirable, as it is another means of ensuring selection of Australian content.
Edition
<originInfo>
<edition>
</originInfo>
If the item is not the first edition, include information on the edition if known.
Extent
<physicalDescription>
<extent>[Text defining extent of resource]</extent>
</physicalDescription>
Note:
One instance should be included. Extent must be inside the <physicalDescription> wrapper element. This field can include: the dimensions and pagination for scores; the number of sound carriers associated with a sound recording; the total playing time of a sound recording; additional information about the physical resource, including illustrations etc.
Highly Desirable
The following elements, sub-elements, attributes and values are highly desirable and strongly recommended for Music Australia contributors:
Name Roles
<name>
<namePart>Surname, Forenames</namePart>
<role>
<roleTerm authority="marc" type="text">[Role text]</roleTerm>
</role>
AND/OR
<role>
<roleTerm authority="marc" type="code">[Role code]
</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
Note:
Inclusion of role relator codes or terms, as specified by the Library of Congress at:
http://www.loc.gov/marc/sourcecode/relator/relatorlist.html
will assist users to identify the individual roles played by multiple individuals and organisations associated with a resource. Multiple terms/codes can be assigned to individual names. MARC relator terms and codes of special interest to Music Australia include:
- arranger [arr]
- choreographer [chr]
- composer [cmp]
- conductor [cnd]
- creator [cre]
- director [drt]
- editor [edt]
- interviewee [ive]
- interviewer [ivr]
- librettist [lbt]
- lyricist [lyr]
- performer [prf]
- producer [pro]
- transcriber [trc]
- translator [trl]
If you wish to indicate that one person or organisation has played a principal role, use the term/code creator in addition to more specific role term/codes.
Contents
<relatedItem type="constituent">
<titleInfo>
<title>[Title]</title>
</titleInfo>
<name type="personal" OR "corporate">
<namePart>Surname, Given</namePart>
</name>
</relatedItem>
AND/OR
<tableOfContents>Title/Name " Title/Name " Title -- Title--</tableOfContents>
Note:
Wherever possible, individual contents, e.g. songs within an album of published music or tracks on a sound recording, should be described as <relatedItem type="constituent"> which supports full description of titles, names, roles, dates, individual electronic locations etc., rather than in the Table of Contents.
This will assist users to navigate between related music items that are contained within publications, e.g. a song printed in a music album and a performance of a song on a sound recording compilation.
Displaying these entities will help users to identify and navigate between related music items.
Please note that MARC records do not currently support inclusion of individual electronic locations for constituent parts. As any constituent part <location><url> sub-elements will be transferred to the MARC 856 field, inclusion of the "displayLabel" attribute will assist users to identify the part they are interested in.
Note or Abstract
<note>[Text]</note>
<abstract>[Text]</abstract>
Note:
Any other significant information about the item can be included in a <note> or <abstract> element. Use Note with the appropriate type attribute for short notes about the item. Use Abstract for longer prose descriptions or summaries of the item.
A list of agreed <note> types and MARC mappings if available is at:
http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/mods-notes.html
Note types of interest to Music Australia contributors include:
- Biographical
- Performers
- Statement of Responsibility
- Venue
Standard Identifiers
<identifier with type=[value from MODS list]></identifier>
Standard identifier types in the MODS suggested identifier values include:
- ISBN (International Standard Book Number)
- ISMN (International Standard Music Number)
- ISRC (International Standard Recording Code)
- ISSN (International Standard Serials Number)
- ISTC (International Standard Text Code)
- Matrix Number
- Music Plate Number
- Music Publisher Number
- SICI (Serial Item and Contribution Identifier)
- UPC (Universal Product Code)
Note:
ISBN, ISMN and ISRC data should always be included if this data is available. Please note that ISBNs will be checked for validity.
Access Conditions
<accessConditions>[Text]</accessConditions>
Minimum of one instance should be included. The text included may be access conditions specific to the resource, or a generic "Contact the [contributor] for access information" message.
Party Records
After considering available alternatives, the National Library of Australia developed a local schema - Metadata for Australian People Schema (MAPS) - to encode information about people in the Music Australia service. If your organisation holds structured data about Australian musicians or music organisations, and wishes to contribute this data to Music Australia, your records need to be converted from your local record format to the MAPS schema.
Please contact Music Australia if you wish to provide MAPS records to the service. An Outline of the schema is available to clarify what can data can be included, and how it should be encoded.